Larry Greenberg at the Lake Champlain research conference.

The Lake Champlain research conference Lake Champlain: Our future is now was held at the Davis Center, University of Vermont, in Burlington 8-9 January 2018. The conference covered a variety of topics, including climate change and native fish restoration. Larry Greenberg, professor at Karlstad University, was invited as keynote speaker at the conference and gave the talk “Conservation of landlocked Atlantic salmon in a regulated river: Taking a holistic approach.” Read more about the conference here.

Tracking smolts in Huntington River, a tributary to Winooski River.

The accepted version of the scientific article “Downstream migration and multiple dam passage by Atlantic salmon smolts” by Daniel Nyqvist (Kau), Stephen McCormick (USGS), Larry Greenberg (Kau), William Ardren (US Fish and Wildlife), Eva Bergman (Kau), Olle Calles (Kau), and Theodore Castro-Santos (USGS) is available online at North American Journal of Fisheries Management. The paper presents a study on downstream migration and dam passage of landlocked Atlantic salmon smolts in the River Winooski, a tributary to Lake Champlain.

In the abstract the authors write: “The purpose of this study was to investigate behavior and survival of radio-tagged wild- and hatchery-reared landlocked Atlantic salmon smolts as they migrated past three hydropower dams equipped with fish bypass solutions in the Winooski River, Vermont, USA. Among hatchery-released smolts, those released early were more likely to initiate migration and did so after less delay than those released late. Once migration was initiated, however, the late-released hatchery smolts migrated at greater speeds. Throughout the river system hatchery released fish performed similarly to wild fish. Dam passage rates varied between the three dams and was highest at the dam where unusually high spill levels occurred throughout the study period. Of the 50 fish that did migrate downstream, only 10% managed to reach the lake. Migration success was low despite the presence of bypass solutions, underscoring the need for evaluations of remedial measures; simply constructing a fishway is not synonymous with providing fish passage.”

Access the paper here or contact the authors.

The hydroelectric dam in the study. Turbine intakes and bypass entrances to the left, open spill gates to the right. Photo from Google Maps.

The paper “Migratory delay leads to reduced passage success of Atlantic salmon smolts at a hydroelectric dam” by Daniel Nyqvist (Kau), Larry Greenberg (Kau), Elsa Goerig (INRS, Quebec) , Olle Calles (Kau) , Eva Bergman (Kau), William Ardren (US Fish and Wildlife), and Theodore Castro-Santos (USGS) was recently published in the journal Ecology of Freshwater Fish. The paper presents a study on the behavior of landlocked Atlantic salmon smolts in the Winooski River in Vermont, USA.

In the abstract the authors write:“Passage of hydropower dams is associated with mortality, delay, increased energy expenditure and migratory failure for migrating fish and the need for remedial measures for both upstream and downstream migration is widely recognized. A functional fish passage must ensure safe and timely passage routes that a substantial portion of migrating fish will use. Passage solutions must address not only the number or percentage of fish that successfully pass a barrier, but also the time it takes to pass. Here we used radio telemetry to study the functionality of a fish bypass for downstream-migrating wild-caught and hatchery-released Atlantic salmon smolts. We used time to event analysis to model the influence of fish characteristics and environmental variables on the rates of a series of events associated with dam passage. Among the modeled events were approach rate to the bypass entry zone, retention rates in both the forebay and the entry zone and passage rates. Despite repeated attempts, only 65% of the tagged fish present in the forebay passed the dam. Fish passed via the bypass (33%), via spill (18%) and, via turbines (15%). Discharge was positively related to approach, passage, and retention rates. We did not detect any differences between wild and hatchery fish. Even though individual fish visited the forebay and the entry zone on multiple occasions, most fish passed during the first exposures to these zones. This study underscores the importance of timeliness to passage success and the usefulness of time to event analysis for understanding factors governing passage performance.”

Read the abstract and access the paper here. If you don’t have access to the journal’s content, email any of the authors.

Vi har nu märkt över hälften av laxsmolten i projektet för att undersöka nedströmsvandringen hos landlocked lax i Winooski River, Vermont, USA. Vi märker både vilda (eller egentligen “fry-stocked” –  alltså utsatta på uppväxtplatser i älven som yngel) och odlade smolt. De vilda fiskarna fångas i en screw-trap i Huntington River, ett biflöde till Winooski River. Smolten förses med radiosändare, tillåts återhämta sig och släpps ut alldeles nedströms fällan. De odlade smolten förs direkt från odlingen till floden, märks, återhämtar sig och släpps sedan ut på samma plats som de vilda fiskarna. Vi följer sedan de märka fiskarna med hjälp av stationära loggrar under deras nedströmsvandring. Vi planerar att även pejla fisken från kanot och båt på olika sträckor av floden.

De vilda smolten (fry-stocked) fångas i en screw-trap i Huntington River.

Ett mindre snitt görs på buksida av en odlad fisk. I Winooski-systemt klipper de en bukfena på de odlade fiskarna som släpps ut i älven som smolt.

Sändarens antenn förs ut genom ett separat utgångshål innan sändaren placeras i fisken.

Snittet sys igen med ett stygn. Under operationen förses den sövda och bedövade fisken med ett konstant vattenflöde över gälarna (slang i fiskens mun).

Efter operationen återmämtar sig fisken först i en behållare på land och sedan i en bur direkt i vattendraget.

Under våren kommer vi undersöka nedströmsvandring av landlocked lax i Winooski River, Vermont, USA. Vi ska under maj månad radiomärka smolt och följa deras migrationshastighet, vägval och överlevnad förbi de tre nedersta kraftverken i systemet. Det är dessa tre kraftverk som skiljer tillgängliga (via fisklift och transport) lekplatser från sjön, Lake Champlain. Det finns by-passes installerade vid kraftverken men kunskap om deras funktion saknas. Efter årets smoltvandring vet vi förhoppningsvis mer!

Detta är ett delprojekt där U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center i Turners Falls och the Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department deltar. Det är en del av ett större projekt där målet är att återfå ett livskraftigt vilt bestånd av Atlantlax lax i Winooski River och Lake Champlain.

Hittills har vi varit upptagna med att installera och testa antenner och loggrar. Mer följer…